Journey Through Time: Exploring Key Archaeological Sites in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is known as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean” with its beautiful beaches and scenic landscapes. Travellers to the country will also be awed by the country’s rich heritage that spans over 2,500 years. The ancient kingdoms that once thrived on the island have left behind incredible archaeological treasures, many of which are now recognised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka.
Let’s go on a journey to discover some of the most important archaeological sites in Sri Lanka:

One of the most famous and oldest archaeological sites in Sri Lanka is Anuradhapura – the country’s capital from the 4th century BCE onwards. Known as the sacred city, it is also considered to be one of the holiest cities in Buddhism. Book heritage trails in Sri Lanka to explore the dagobas (stupas), monasteries, and other structures. One of the highlights is the Sri Maha Bodhi, a sapling taken from the tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment. Two other key attractions are the eye-catching Ruwanwelisaya, and the Jetavanarama Stupa.

Visitors to Anuradhapura can also travel to Vessagiriya, another historical site located nearby. It was once home to a large monastic complex from the 3rd century BCE. View a series of caves in the Vessagiriya ruins that were once used as living quarters for monks – many of which bear ancient Brahmi inscriptions.

Polonnaruwa became Sri Lanka’s capital in the 11th century CE after the decline of Anuradhapura. Another important UNESCO World Heritage Site, this captivating mediaeval city is home to the Parakrama Samudra, a large artificial lake considered to be a marvel of Sri Lankan engineering. Also travel to the Polonnaruwa Royal Palace, which includes the Audience Hall and the King’s Council Chamber. Visitors can view intricate carvings and other ancient ruins in Sri Lanka that reveal the skill of ancient builders.
The most popular attraction in Polonnaruwa is the Gal Vihara, which consists of a group of four massive Buddha statues carved out of granite. The serene expressions on the faces of the statues and skilled craftsmanship are great examples of Buddhist art in Sri Lanka.

Sigiriya, also known as the Lion Rock, is one of Sri Lanka’s most iconic landmarks and another famous UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sigiriya, the ancient rock fortress, is said to have been built by King Kasyapa in the 5th century CE and rises 200 metres above the surrounding plains. The highlight is the gigantic lion’s paws carved into the rock at the base of the stairs leading to the summit. At the top, visitors can admire the ruins of a royal palace, along with ponds and rock gardens. View the stunning Sigiriya frescoes along the way, which depict celestial maidens, and the mirror wall with its ancient graffiti.

Located a short distance from Sigiriya is the Dambulla Cave Temple. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to five cave temples dating back to the 1st century BCE, and is the largest and best-preserved cave temple complex in the island. Travellers can view the stunning Dambulla cave paintings and murals as well as 150 statues of Buddha, deities, and kings. One of the most famous monuments of Sri Lanka present here is the 15-metre-long reclining Buddha statue. The peaceful atmosphere and beauty of the caves make it a must-visit for anyone interested in Sri Lanka’s religious history. Visitors to the area can unwind in luxurious hotels set amidst scenic natural surroundings, such as Jetwing Lake.

Buduruwagala, or “The Rock of Buddhist Sculptures,” attracts visitors with its stunning rock-carved figures dating back to the 10th century. The highlight is the impressive standing Buddha statue, known as the Deepankara Buddha, which is over 15 metres in height. Surrounding it is a collection of smaller carved sculptures thought to be of Avalokiteśvara, his consort Tara, and a third figure thought to depict Prince Sudhana. Although Sri Lanka follows Theravada Buddhism, Buduruwagala is a reminder of the island’s Mahayana heritage.

Tourists who come to see the ruins can find top accommodation close by in Wellawaya, such as Jetwing Kaduruketha, a beautiful agro-luxury resort.

Each archaeological site in Sri Lanka tells a unique story of the island’s past. Whether you are a history buff or simply curious, the country’s history offers a fascinating glimpse into its past.