Discovering Ancient Forts in Sri Lanka: A Blend of History and Architecture

Known for its sunny coasts and beaches, Sri Lanka also has a fascinating history that draws in visitors. The island was conquered by major foreign powers over the centuries due to its strategic position in the Indian Ocean. These colonial powers left their mark in the form of buildings, monuments and forts along the coastline. The forts in Sri Lanka are particularly beautiful, with views that stretch all the way to the far horizon. Today, they are symbols of the island’s colonial past and are also fascinating sites to visit. Here are some of the top forts to see in Sri Lanka:

Galle Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the most famous Dutch fort in Sri Lanka. It was built by the Portuguese in 1588 and later fortified by the Dutch in the 17th century. Within its walls, visitors can explore the charming town with its colonial buildings, modern shops, cafés, and restaurants. Stroll along the old ramparts and admire the views of the Indian Ocean in the distance. Another must-visit is the picturesque lighthouse built by the British, which adds to the beauty of the Galle fort in Sri Lanka.

There are many hotels located nearby for visitors to Galle, such as the stunning Jetwing Lighthouse, which hugs the coastline.

Situated in the north of the island, the Jaffna Fort is the second-largest fort in Sri Lanka. This fort, located in the Tamil heartland, was built by the Portuguese in 1618. It was later captured and expanded by the Dutch. The fort’s design is in the shape of a pentagon, and is a wonderful example of European military architecture.

Although the fort was damaged during the civil war, restoration projects have been carried out in recent years. Today, travellers can explore the grounds of the fort, along with its massive ramparts and bastions, which offer beautiful views over the Jaffna Lagoon. Book a stay at top hotels in Jaffna while you’re visiting, such as Jetwing Jaffna – the first luxury hotel in the city.

Located on the west coast of Sri Lanka, Kalpitiya Fort is another gem from the colonial era. Built by the Dutch in 1667, this fort was of strategic importance due to it being located near the Puttalam Lagoon and the Indian Ocean. Though it is relatively small, the fort is well-preserved. It has four bastions and various chambers that once housed troops and supplies.
The Kalpitiya Dutch Fort is part of a larger area that is renowned for its natural beauty and wildlife.

Hambantota Fort is located on Sri Lanka’s southern coast. Built by the Dutch in 1760, this small fort served mostly as a defensive outpost, guarding the region’s salt pans and trade routes. The structure has thick stone walls and a gateway that once led to the coastal town. Though it is not as large as some of the other forts in the country, its strategic location was important when it came to controlling southern trade. Visitors can also head to the maritime museum within the fort to learn about the region’s history and maritime heritage, and admire views of the nearby harbour.

Mannar Fort is situated on Mannar Island in northwestern Sri Lanka, and was built by the Portuguese in 1560 and later extended by the Dutch. This fort holds a key position along the coast and controlled access to the pearl banks of the Gulf of Mannar – an important source of wealth during colonial times. The fort has a quadrangular design with four bastions and strong stone walls that were built to withstand attacks from rival colonial forces. Although it is partially in ruins today, its former might is still visible. Since it is located near the famous Mannar Causeway, travellers can also enjoy breathtaking views of the surrounding lagoon.

Sri Lanka’s forts are a window into the island’s past. They reflect the influence of various colonial powers that invaded the country, while offering a fascinating glimpse into its history and heritage.